Surface waves travel along the Earth's surface. Two examples of surface waves are Rayleigh waves and Love waves. Explain to your students that Rayleigh waves cause the ground to ripple up and down ...

So-called Rayleigh–Bloch waves can release an enormous amount of energy that can damage technical systems under certain circumstances. They only exist below a precisely defined cut-off frequency ...

"The effects of the earthquake, particularly the Rayleigh waves, resulted in disruption ... caused these lasting megaripples ...