The election was dominated by Mr. Trump and his relentless focus on Canada. Pierre Poilievre, the opposition leader, lost the seat he had held for 20 years.

The first major test of Donald Trump’s influence on the affairs of a longtime U.S. ally went badly. The U.S. president’s attacks on Canadian sovereignty outraged voters while the trade war he launched threatened to upend the economy of a nation dependent on U.

Liberal Prime Minister Mark Carney, who replaced Justin Trudeau, will keep his post as Canadians signal their persistent defiance of the U.S. president’s rhetoric.

Starting just after 6 a.m., the lawmakers addressed viewers about the Trump administration’s proposed budget that they said would slash programs in housing, health care and education that help millions of Americans,