Both standard and proprietary processes are employed to perform end forming transitioning from round to square cross section, tapering, expanding, reducing, reshaping, flaring, beading, and weldless ...

By harnessing processes such as forming by plastic instability, end curling, and sheet bending-unbending cycles, manufacturers can achieve efficient and scalable assembly of multi-material components.

The forming process is as simple as it is reliable: In the first step, conventional hydraulic tubes are given a 24-degree tube contour on one end.