Dr. Susan MacDonald breaks down the TNM staging system (Tumor, Nodes, Metastasis) to help patients understand their clinical diagnosis. In the complex and often overwhelming world of oncology, words ...

Tumor deposits are a significant prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, yet underutilized in N-staging. Ten novel models incorporating tumor deposits showed improved prognostic performance over the ...

This fact sheet explains how lung cancer is staged, and what each stage means. Lung cancer staging can be complex, but this fact sheet is intended for patient education. Our easy-to-read fact sheets ...

In clinical practice, traditional tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging has difficulty achieving accuracy in prognosis stratification at the individual patient level. In a study published in the journal ...

Medically reviewed by Jamin Brahmbhatt, MD Key Takeaways Stage 4 prostate cancer is advanced and has spread beyond the prostate.Hormone therapy is often used to treat stage 4 prostate cancer by ...

Evidence on the prognostic and staging effects of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is limited. We aimed to determine the ...