The Penrose-Hameroff Orch OR model places the essential aspect of consciousness at the level of quantum computation in microtubules within the brain's neurons. "Tubulin" proteins comprising ...

way that anesthetic binding to microtubules would generally reduce brain activity and cause unconsciousness," Wiest says, ...

Dr Hameroff believes that consciousness happens at a deeper quantum level, arguing it comes from quantum processes inside ...

Microtubules are major components of the cytoskeleton. They are found in all eukaryotic cells, and they are involved in mitosis, cell motility, intracellular transport, and maintenance of cell shape.

Microtubules are the largest type of filament, with a diameter of about 25 nanometers (nm), and they are composed of a protein called tubulin. Actin filaments are the smallest type, with a ...