The metal suits worn by knights during the Middle Ages were originally designed to protect against weapons such as swords.

Shining in the dirt was a chunk of a medieval coin, cut from a full circle ... coins were minted in Muslim regions, including the Middle East, and occasionally in Central Asia, historians said.

The medieval Mongol archive, dating from the 13th century, had a profound influence on French maps and exploration.

Walter Ward studies the history and archaeology of the Mediterranean/Near East during antiquity and the early medieval period, with a primary focus on the role of the Roman Empire in the Middle East.

Medieval thinking about medicine evolved in Europe through encounter the Middle Eastern culture of Islam. Islamist scholars like Hunayn ibn Ishaq began the process of translating, and later ...