The gastric proton pump, also known as H+,K+-ATPase, is expressed on the surface of the stomach to secrete the gastric acid indispensable for digestion of proteins in food. However, too much acid ...

The proton gradients that power respiration are as universal as the genetic code itself, giving an insight into the origin of life and the singular origin of complexity. Why do virtually all cells ...

The highly acidic environment in the stomach is essential for digestion. Furthermore, it acts as an important barrier to invasive pathogens. However, excessive stomach acidification leads to ulcers.

Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems in Magdeburg, the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam, and the University of Halle are one ...

New research takes a page from the field of renewable energy and shows that genetically engineered mitochondria can convert light energy into chemical energy that cells can use, ultimately extending ...

New research reveals how marine microbes use an extra membrane that once had digestive functions to boost their yield from photosynthesis. A dense rainforest or other verdant terrestrial vegetation ...