From an attack on a US air base to a fragile ceasefire, this is how the Middle East conflict changed overnight.

The fragile ceasefire imposed by President Donald Trump between Israel and Iran appears to be holding. After last week’s seemingly devastating American strike against three Iranian nuclear facilities, the war may indeed be over, but the short road to peace was nonetheless rocky and the future remains uncertain.

The second factor is monitoring. When no outside party keeps watch, four-fifths of ceasefires collapse within a year. Independent verification may boost trust or simply signal that both sides take peace seriously. America and Qatar helped broker the Iran-Israel truce, though neither side has revealed any details of the agreement.